Screw propeller

The screw propeller replaced paddle wheels as the primary means of propulsion in steam-powered warships. It offered greater efficiency, reduced vulnerability in combat, and improved handling in rough seas. Positioned below the waterline, the propeller was less exposed to enemy fire and allowed ships to carry broadside armament without obstruction.

The introduction of the screw propeller accelerated the transition to steam-powered fleets. It enabled ships to achieve higher speeds and better manoeuvrability, making them more effective in both battle and long-distance operations. The technology became standard in naval architecture and remains fundamental to ship propulsion today.